the current division of the shtetl into its two sections, the Jewish Quarter and the Human Three-Quarters. All so-called sacred activities--religious studies, kosher butchering, bargaining, etc.--were contained within the Jewish Quarter. Those activities concerned with the humdrum of daily existence--secular studies, communal justice, buying and selling, etc.--took place in the Human Three-Quarters. Straddling the two was the Upright Synagogue.