"The second category in our litmus test is the denial of the legitimacy of one's opponents. Authoritarian politicians cast their rivals as criminal, subversive, unpatriotic, or a threat to national security or the existing way of life. Trump met this criterion, as well. For one, he had been a "birther," challenging the legitimacy of Barack Obama's presidency by suggesting that he was born in Kenya and that he was a Muslim, which many of his supporters equated with being "un-American." During the 2016 campaign, Trump denied Hillary Clinton's legitimacy as a rival by branding her a "criminal" and declaring repeatedly that she "has to go to jail." At campaign rallies he applauded supporters who chanted "Lock her up!" --