We should note that almost every technological transformation of consequence has taken place under Western auspices--if not Western in the strict geographical sense, then Western in the notion of a cultural landscape shaped by free thought and the chance for profit. Even non-Western innovations, like stirrups and gunpowder, have been quickly modified and improved by Western militaries. Jet fighters, GPS-guided bombs, and laser-guided munitions are all products of Western expertise. Even the jihadists' most innovative and lethal weapons--improvised explosive devices and suicide belts--are cobbled together from Western-designed explosives and electronics.