The guilt and anxiety induced by hunting, combined with frustration resulting from ritual celibacy, could have been projected onto the image of a powerful woman, who demands endless bloodshed.27 The hunters could see that women were the source of new life; it was they - not the expendable males - who ensured the continuity of the tribe. The female thus became an awe-inspiring icon of life itself - a life that required the ceaseless sacrifice of men and animals.