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28a84a5 While you can't control your experiences, you can control your explanations. optimism speculations thinking thought Martin E.P. Seligman
7ed29cb Authentic happiness derives from raising the bar for yourself, not rating yourself against others. Martin E.P. Seligman
f1faba3 Curing the negatives does not produce the positives. Martin E.P. Seligman
ad1241d Pessimistic labels lead to passivity, whereas optimistic ones lead to attempts to change. Martin E.P. Seligman
57e479f The genius of evolution lies in the dynamic tension between optimism and pessimism continually correcting each other. Martin E.P. Seligman
13157aa Alcoholics are, in truth, failures, and their failure is a simple failure of will. They have made bad choices, and they continue to do so every day. By calling them victims of a disease, we magically shift the burden of the problem from choice and personal control, where it belongs, to an impersonal force--disease. Martin E.P. Seligman
57a8d75 Pessimistic prophecies are self-fulfilling. Martin E.P. Seligman
b179a06 The skills of becoming happy turn out to be almost entirely different from the skills of not being sad, not being anxious, or not being angry. Martin E.P. Seligman
3608b32 I used to think that the topic of positive psychology was happiness, that the gold standard for measuring happiness was life satisfaction, and that the goal of positive psychology was to increase life satisfaction. I now think that the topic of positive psychology is well-being, that the gold standard for measuring well-being is flourishing, and that the goal of positive psychology is to increase flourishing. This theory, which I call well-.. Martin E.P. Seligman
316433d The optimist believes that bad events have specific causes, while good events will enhance everything he does; the pessimist believes that bad events have universal causes and that good events are caused by specific factors. When Martin E.P. Seligman
ef145ef Depression is now ten times as prevalent as it was in 1960, and it strikes at a much younger age. The mean age of a person's first episode of depression forty years ago was 29.5, while today it is 14.5 years. This is a paradox, since every objective indicator of well-being--purchasing power, amount of education, availability of music, and nutrition--has been going north, while every indicator of subjective well-being has been going south. H.. Martin E.P. Seligman
51ca8e3 It turns out, however, that how much life satisfaction people report is itself determined by how good we feel at the very moment we are asked the question. Averaged over many people, the mood you are in determines more than 70 percent of how much life satisfaction you report and how well you judge your life to be going at that moment determines less than 30 percent. Martin E.P. Seligman
a2728e3 After a heated dispute, we each undertook an assignment for the next class: to engage in one pleasurable activity and one philanthropic activity, and write about both. The results were life-changing. The afterglow of the "pleasurable" activity (hanging out with friends, or watching a movie, or eating a hot fudge sundae) paled in comparison with the effects of the kind action. When our philanthropic acts were spontaneous and called upon pers.. Martin E.P. Seligman
2230364 Fourth, you learn how to distract yourself from depressing thoughts. Martin E.P. Seligman
3cb015d Depression, I have argued, stems partly from an overcommitment to the self and an undercommitment to the common good. This Martin E.P. Seligman
9984e58 Being in touch with what we do well underpins the readiness to change," David continued. "This is related to the Losada ratio. To enable us to hear criticism nondefensively and to act creatively on it, we need to feel secure." Martin E.P. Seligman
0ed22d0 Do you have a problem with alcohol? Is it "abuse," or, worse, do you "depend" on drinking to get through the day? It will not surprise you to find out that the lines between handling liquor well, abusing alcohol, and being dependent on it are far from clear." Martin E.P. Seligman
ffaa303 YOU SHOULD NOW be well on your way to using disputation, the prime technique for learned optimism, in your daily life. You first saw the ABC link--that specific beliefs lead to dejection and passivity. Emotions and actions do not usually follow adversity directly. Rather they issue directly from your beliefs about adversity. This means that if you change your mental response to adversity, you can cope with setbacks much better. The main too.. Martin E.P. Seligman
e38619b TRANSCENDING Escher got it right. Men step down and yet rise up, the hand is drawn by the hand it draws, and a woman is poised on her very own shoulders. Without you and me this universe is simple, run with the regularity of a prison. Galaxies spin along stipulated arcs, stars collapse at the specified hour, crows u-turn south and monkeys rut on schedule. But we, whom the cosmos shaped for a billion years to fit this place, we know it faile.. Martin E.P. Seligman
a21729c First, you learn to recognize the automatic thoughts flitting through your consciousness at the times you feel worst. Martin E.P. Seligman
90f2b79 Second, you learn to dispute the automatic thoughts by marshaling contrary evidence. Martin E.P. Seligman
4497251 Success requires persistence, the ability to not give up in the face of failure. I believe that optimistic explanatory style is the key to persistence. Martin E.P. Seligman
bdc1c17 In the struggle to cure syphilis in the first decade of the century, Paul Ehrlich concocted a drug, 606, that worked by poisoning Treponema pallidum, the spirochete that causes syphilis. It was called 606 because before it Ehrlich concocted 605 other drugs, none of which worked. Ehrlich, presumably, experienced 605 defeats but persisted. Martin E.P. Seligman
b8711b5 The optimists and the pessimists: I have been studying them for the past twenty-five years. The defining characteristic of pessimists is that they tend to believe bad events will last a long time, will undermine everything they do, and are their own fault. The optimists, who are confronted with the same hard knocks of this world, think about misfortune in the opposite way. They tend to believe defeat is just a temporary setback, that its ca.. Martin E.P. Seligman
60a276f made a New Year's resolution for 2009: to take 5 million steps, 13,700 per day on average. On December 30, 2009, I crossed the 5 million mark, and got "Wow!" and "What a role model!" from my Internet friends." Martin E.P. Seligman
fc09c40 Some people can put their troubles neatly into a box and go about their lives even when one important aspect of it--their job, for example, or their love life--is suffering. Others bleed all over everything. They catastrophize. When one thread of their lives snaps, the whole fabric unravels. It comes down to this: People who make universal explanations for their failures give up on everything when a failure strikes in one area. People who m.. Martin E.P. Seligman
a480aa2 Lo que pienso sobre la meta de la psicologia ha cambiado desde que publique mi ultimo libro (Authentic Happiness, 2002) y, aun mejor, la psicologia misma esta cambiando. He pasado la mayor parte de mi vida trabajando en la venerable meta de la psicologia de aliviar el sufrimiento y desarraigar las condiciones incapacitantes de la vida. La verdad sea dicha, esto puede ser un fastidio. Tomarse a pecho la psicologia de la desdicha, como hay qu.. Martin E.P. Seligman
69c7873 Third, you learn to make different explanations, called reattributions, and use them to dispute your automatic thoughts. Martin E.P. Seligman
be43cec Fifth, you learn to recognize and question the depression-sowing assumptions governing so much of what you do: Martin E.P. Seligman
d817924 People who made certain kinds of explanations, he believed, are prey to helplessness. Martin E.P. Seligman
80f9182 Bertrand Russell said that the mark of a civilized human being is the ability to read a column of numbers and then weep. Martin E.P. Seligman
22a8639 Good science requires the interplay of analysis and synthesis. One never knows if basic research is truly basic until one knows what it is basic to. Modern physics came into its own not because of its theories--which can be enormously counterintuitive and highly controversial (muons, wavicles, superstrings, the anthropic principle, and all that)--but because physicists built the atomic bomb and modern nuclear power plants. Martin E.P. Seligman
30536d9 He formado parte del cisma en la psicologia que se conoce como psicologia positiva, un movimiento cientifico y profesional. En 1998, como presidente de la American Psychological Association (APA), apremie a la psicologia a complementar su venerable meta con un nuevo objetivo: explorar lo que hace que la vida valga la pena y crear las condiciones habilitadoras de una vida digna de ser vivida. La meta de entender el bienestar y crear condicio.. Martin E.P. Seligman
2237a85 historia. El aspecto privado tambien necesita mostrarse. La psicologia positiva hace a la gente mas feliz. Ensenar la psicologia positiva, investigar la psicologia positiva, usar la psicologia positiva en la practica como orientador o terapeuta, poner ejercicios de psicologia positiva a ninos de secundaria en un aula, educar a ninos pequenos con base en la psicologia positiva, ensenar a sargentos de adiestramiento a fomentar el crecimiento .. Martin E.P. Seligman
baa6d43 15 A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Nueva York: Perennial Classics, 2000). En La democracia en America, Tocqueville explico que el concepto de felicidad que tenia Jefferson se relacionaba con el dominio de uno mismo para alcanzar la realizacion duradera. Por lo tanto, la felicidad segun Jefferson se parece mucho mas al bienestar perdurable que al placer temporal. D. M. McMahon, Happiness: A History (Nueva York: Atlantic Monthly Pres.. Martin E.P. Seligman
517b1c8 explanatory style is the great modulator of learned helplessness. Optimists recover from their momentary helplessness immediately. Very soon after failing, they pick themselves up, shrug, and start trying again. For them, defeat is a challenge, a mere setback on the road to inevitable victory. They see defeat as temporary and specific, not pervasive. Pessimists wallow in defeat, which they see as permanent and pervasive. They become depress.. Martin E.P. Seligman
9e0f577 depression and helplessness were the same by showing they had the same brain-chemical mechanisms. Martin E.P. Seligman
f2fd349 Review YOU SHOULD NOW be well on your way to using disputation, the prime technique for learned optimism, in your daily life. You first saw the ABC link--that specific beliefs lead to dejection and passivity. Emotions and actions do not usually follow adversity directly. Rather they issue directly from your beliefs about adversity. This means that if you change your mental response to adversity, you can cope with setbacks much better. The m.. Martin E.P. Seligman
e531fa7 Nature has buffered out children not only physically--prepubescent children have the lowest death rate from all causes-- but psychologically as well, by endowing them with hope, abundant and irrational. hope irrational Martin E.P. Seligman
c2e959c Nature has buffered our children not only physically-- prepubescent children have the lowest death rate from all causes-- but psychologically as well, by endowing them with hope, abundant and irrational. hope irrational Martin E.P. Seligman
2ca19e0 Along with this escalation in material expectations has come an escalation in what counts as acceptable in work and in love. our job used to be counted satisfactory if it brought home the bacon. Not so today. It must also be meaningful. There must be room to move up. It must provide for a comfortable retirement. Coworkers must be congenial and the endeavor ecologically sound. Marriage also now requires more than it used to. It's no longer j.. marriage work-expectation Martin E.P. Seligman
2582882 With regard to medications, the most widely used drug is Antabuse (disulflram). Antabuse and alcohol don't mix: When an alcoholic takes a dose of Antabuse and then drinks alcohol, he becomes horribly nauseated and short of breath. Martin E.P. Seligman
9bdf3ae For example, if I promise you one thousand dollars to turn to this page, you will probably choose to do so, and you will succeed. If, however, I promise you one thousand dollars to contract the pupil of your eye, using only willpower, you may choose to do it, but that won't matter. You are helpless to contract your pupil. Page turning is under your voluntary control; the muscles that change your pupillary size are not. Martin E.P. Seligman
d95be41 When we need spiritual furniture, we look around and see that all the comfortable leather sofas and stuffed chairs have been removed and all that's left to sit on is a small, frail folding chair: the self. And the maximal self, stripped of the buffering of any commitment to what is larger in life, is a setup for depression. Martin E.P. Seligman
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