|
36b5c89
|
A calm and dispassionate recognition of the rights of the accused against the State, and even of convicted criminals against the State, a constant heart-searching by all charged with the duty of punishment, a desire and eagerness to rehabilitate in the world of industry all those who have paid their dues in the hard coinage of punishment, tireless efforts towards the discovery of curative and regenerating processes, and an unfaltering faith..
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
69f7b61
|
Is there the right to free expression of opinion and of opposition and criticism of the Government of the day? Have the people the right to turn out a Government of which they disapprove, and are constitutional means provided by which they can make their will apparent? Are their courts of justice free from violence by the Executive and from threats of mob violence, and free of all association with particular political parties? Will these co..
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
f0e0830
|
am greatly touched by the extreme kindness of yr offer & the willing sacrifice that it involves. It is a splendid proof of yr friendship. I cd not accept it from you. I want you to enjoy
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
dc49811
|
With the fall of the Conservative Government in 1929, Churchill's career entered a stormy and often lonely decade, the so-called 'wilderness years'.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
778a627
|
It is nothing to me whether I am in Parliament or not,' he wrote to his wife on 8 March 1935, 'unless I can defend the cause in which I believe.' Churchill's five-year opposition to the Government's India policy was sincere and passionate, although individual Ministers sought to portray him as an enemy of Indian aspirations, and as a political wrecker. Churchill was in fact concerned throughout with the future welfare and unity of India, an..
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
3d149f0
|
From 1933 the problems of defence, and of the Nazi danger, were uppermost in Churchill's mind, dominating his Parliamentary speeches, his literary work, his newspaper articles and much of his private correspondence.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
9d68f46
|
Churchill himself favoured full provincial autonomy for the Indians, with adequate safeguards for the minority rights of the Muslims and the Untouchables, and he urged a vigorous social reform and a more liberal administration.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
fbe265f
|
He rejected the policy of seeking a direct accommodation with the Nazis at the expense of the smaller states of Europe. The full extent of Nazi persecution was evidence, as he saw it, that there would never be any meaningful accommodation between Nazism and Parliamentary democracy. From the earliest successes of the Nazi movement, even before 1933, he expressed his repugnance of Nazi excesses, and he continued to do so after 1933, despite r..
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
a51c25d
|
The Government's repeated response, however, even after October 1938, was to continue to attack his motives and judgement, and to seek to minimize the importance of his information. 'No doubt it is not popular to say these things,' Churchill had written to his wife on 26 September 1935, 'but I am accustomed to abuse and I expect to have a great deal more of it before I have finished. Somebody has to state the truth.' During
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
07bccc7
|
led Churchill to work with many disparate groups to try to influence public opinion towards the need for greater vigilance in defence of democracy, faith in the moral tenets of the anti-totalitarian cause, the closest possible Anglo-French cooperation and a willingness to take up arms, if necessary, in order to ensure the survival of democratic civilization. Other
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
d00b7ba
|
Hatred of him was aflame', and he added: 'No insults were too gross to hurl at him. One, of course, the Dardanelles fiasco, regarded as his particular crime, was always brought up.... The opposition were determined to shout him down. He was always admirably self-controlled and good-tempered, and he never failed to quell the opposition and get a hearing.' Whenever Churchill spoke, he was confronted by a vociferous group of hecklers, whom he ..
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
7da0a52
|
It is a real pleasure to me, who have known the difficulties of such things, to read of so great a success; and when that is due to a man for whom one has feelings of personal friendship, it adds to the happiness of life.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
4589c7c
|
Of course', Churchill told Linlithgow, 'my ideal is narrow and limited. I want to see the British Empire preserved for a few more generations in its strength and splendour,' and he added, 'Only the most prodigious exertions of British genius will achieve this result.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
fdc41f1
|
the Australian Air Force had shot down five enemy fighters,
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
e59b820
|
Throughout June 13 Churchill worked at No. 10 Annexe on his second broadcast, helped first by his son-in-law Duncan Sandys, and then by his son Randolph.123 During his speech, as his daughter Sarah had suggested, Churchill elaborated on the Four-Year Plan. 'I announced
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
ec698f7
|
for him seems to have been the expected attack on London. As
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
c89685c
|
He alone had been held responsible for the failure of the British naval attack of the Dardanelles, and many people had blamed his lack of judgement for the suffering and slaughter of the Gallipoli campaign. He had found no solace, during the summer of 1915, in being Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, a Cabinet post devoid of all administrative work, and incapable of satisfying his ambition.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
7c78914
|
The new Government is a weak one--so far as ability is concerned and largely inexperienced. Political
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
bb603e7
|
Foolish perhaps, but I play for high stakes and given an audience there is no act too daring or too noble.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
4e4448f
|
That same day he wrote to Austen Chamberlain, to explain that he would soon have to ask for 'substantial repayments' of French and Italian war debts, already more than six years overdue.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
89262fd
|
We can avoid all this trouble by throwing up the sponge, by sitting still and putting up with being fleeced. Then there will be lots of compliments about the good feelings which we have established in Europe and about what a very agreeable and friendly nation we are. But I think this is a pretty thin diet to give to the taxpayers of this country in their present circumstances. The
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
218aa66
|
The United States has a will of its own, very clearly and obstinately expressed, namely, to exact payment from Great Britain. France has a will of her own, equally clearly expressed, namely, to pay nobody.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
99e30e6
|
I think the rich, whether idle or not, are already taxed in this country to the very highest point compatible with the accumulation of capital for future production.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
decc132
|
I am aiming at is a substantial diminution in actual burden on the direct taxpayer. I believe that this burden is at the present time a grave discouragement to enterprise and thrift and a potent factor in the tendency to high profits. I want to make a real impression upon this.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
231bc2d
|
We shall never shake ourselves clear from the debts of the past and break into a definitely larger period except by the energetic creation of new wealth.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
8663aa6
|
In 1909 a Jewish town was established on the sand dunes just north of Jaffa--it was called Tel Aviv, the Hebrew for 'Hill of Spring'. It came to be known as 'the first all-Jewish city'. The Jewish population of nearby Jaffa, originally about 1,000 strong, had risen by immigration to more than 8,000. As a result, conditions of life in Jaffa had become as crowded and uncomfortable as in the Russian towns from which most of the immigrants had ..
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
106f563
|
Democracy, I say, is not based on violence or terrorism, but on reason, on fair play, on freedom, on respecting other people's rights as well as their ambitions.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
9ff222b
|
national compulsory insurance for all classes for all purposes from the cradle to the grave'.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
bb86035
|
Em 14 de setembro, os bombardeamentos foram particularmente intensos. Para os 393 mil judeus de Varsovia, um terco da populacao da cidade, esse era um dia santo e, em geral, festivo, o ano-novo judeu. "Precisamente quando as sinagogas estavam cheias", anotou em seu diario uma testemunha ocular, "Nalewki, o bairro judeu de Varsovia, comecou a ser bombardeado." --
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
6c72c7f
|
On 24 October he spoke publicly of the dangers to Britain and Europe of German rearmament and of the German population being 'trained from childhood for war.'13 On the following day the British Ambassador in Berlin, Sir Eric Phipps, sent the Foreign Office an article by the London correspondent of the official Nazi Volkischer Beobachter, stating 'that as soon as Mr Churchill opens his mouth, it is safe to bet that an attack on Germany will ..
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
9b8d109
|
The twentieth century, Churchill wrote, had witnessed 'with surprise, not merely the promulgation of these ferocious doctrines, but their enforcement with brutal vigour by the Government and by the populace.' The Jews were the chief victims of these doctrines. 'No past services, no proved patriotism, even wounds sustained in war, could procure immunity for persons whose only crime was that their parents had brought them into the world. Ever..
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
aa8995a
|
Such reconnaissance duties became a major feature of the war in the air. There were also new devices to be tested: on December 6 a metal arrow dropped from a French plane mortally wounded a German general on horseback.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
faf7224
|
Churchill's work took him to the scenes of Marlborough's battles, including Blenheim, in Bavaria. It was a Jew, Solomon de Medina, the first practising Jew in England to receive a knighthood, who was Marlborough's chief army contractor during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14) supplying Marlborough with money, provisions and military intelligence.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
1eb5979
|
It was through Leonard Montefiore, a member of the Central British Fund set up to help German Jews after 1933, that Churchill received the reply to a query he had made of the Baroness. On 9 December 1935, Montefiore wrote to Churchill: 'I had a message from the Baroness von Goldschmidt Rothschild that you would like to see a translation of the recent Nuremberg laws affecting the Jews in Germany. I therefore enclose a translation of the laws..
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
3412947
|
For Churchill, the only way to halt the onward march of Nazism was for all the threatened nations to arm, and to join together under the collective security clauses of the Covenant of the League of Nations. 'Arms and the Covenant' was Churchill's call.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
c03e909
|
bottom
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
5452d7e
|
28 German territorial losses
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
d7286c9
|
victory will never be found by taking the line of least resistance.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
63707ef
|
Neville Chamberlain, commented in a private letter on the persecution of German Jews: 'I believe the persecution arose out of two motives: a desire to rob the Jews of their money and a jealousy of their superior cleverness.' Chamberlain continued: 'No doubt Jews aren't a lovable people; I don't care about them myself; but that is not sufficient to explain the Pogrom.'37
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
e828f40
|
Em 1o de outubro, o exercito alemao preparou-se para ocupar Varsovia. Antes, porem, exigiu doze refens - dez cristaos e dois judeus - que responderiam com suas vidas por quaisquer disturbios que ocorressem enquanto as tropas avancassem. Ao entrarem na cidade, os alemaes instalaram cozinhas de campanha e distribuiram gratuitamente sopa e pao a populacao faminta. Centenas de pessoas foram ate la. Imediatamente, operadores de camara alemaes mo..
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
5777ddf
|
Assisti hoje a uma cena reveladora", acrescentava o oficial. "Um cavalo foi atingido por uma bomba e caiu na rua. Quando, uma hora mais tarde, passei pelo mesmo lugar, restava apenas o esqueleto. A carne fora arrancada pelas pessoas que viviam nas imediacoes."
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
ed08ca6
|
Clementine was uneasy about leaving London for the country; she felt no special attraction to Chartwell and was worried about the expense of so large a house.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
d119b5d
|
the first and foremost step towards a victorious landing was to upset the equilibrium of the Turk so that he should be unable to concentrate either his mind or his men to meet our main attacks.... Prudence here is entirely out of place. There will be and can be no reconnaissances, no half measures, no tentatives. At a given moment we must stake everything on the one hazard.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |
|
1a33a35
|
The State must play an ever-widening part; it must, for example, 'increasingly and earnestly concern itself with the care of the sick and the aged, and, above all, of the children'.
|
|
|
Martin Gilbert |