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ee8337d
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Teachers' beliefs created self-fulfilling prophecies. When teachers believed their students were bloomers, they set high expectations for their success. As a result, the teachers engaged in more supportive behaviors that boosted the students' confidence and enhanced their learning and development
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Adam M. Grant |
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5d08b99
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But when I looked at the evidence, I was dismayed to discover that even today, speaking while female remains notoriously difficult. Across
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Adam M. Grant |
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6584ef0
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People who suffer the most from a given state of affairs are paradoxically the least likely to question, challenge, reject, or change it." To explain this peculiar phenomenon, Jost's team developed a theory of system justification. Its core idea is that people are motivated to rationalize the status quo as legitimate--even if it goes directly against their interests. In one study, they tracked Democratic and Republican voters before the 200..
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Adam M. Grant |
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578b892
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Parent and Teacher Actions: 1. Ask children what their role models would do. Children feel free to take initiative when they look at problems through the eyes of originals. Ask children what they would like to improve in their family or school. Then have them identify a real person or fictional character they admire for being unusually creative and inventive. What would that person do in this situation? 2. Link good behaviors to moral chara..
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Adam M. Grant |
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5f478fc
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a perspective gap: when we're not experiencing a psychologically or physically intense state, we dramatically underestimate how much it will affect us.
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Adam M. Grant |
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f9dc1ad
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Indeed, Cialdini finds that people donate more money to charity when the phrase "even a penny will help" is added to a request."
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Adam M. Grant |
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d9d733d
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New research shows that advice seeking is a surprisingly effective strategy for exercising influence when we lack authority. In
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Adam M. Grant |
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39730dd
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Consider the four responses to dissatisfaction: exit, voice, persistence, and neglect. Only exit and voice improve your circumstances.
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Adam M. Grant |
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5193816
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There's a particular kind of explanation that works especially well in enforcing discipline. When the Oliners examined the guidance of the Holocaust rescuers' parents, they found that they tended to give "explanations of why behaviors are inappropriate, often with reference to their consequences for others." While the bystanders' parents focused on enforcing compliance with rules for their own sake, the rescuers' parents encouraged their ch..
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Adam M. Grant |
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2e93846
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Procrastination may be the enemy of productivity, but it can be a resource for creativity. Long before the modern obsession with efficiency precipitated by the Industrial Revolution and the Protestant work ethic, civilizations recognized the benefits of procrastination. In ancient Egypt, there were two different verbs for procrastination: one denoted laziness; the other meant waiting for the right time.
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Adam M. Grant |
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1882b00
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Simonton finds that on average, creative geniuses weren't qualitatively better in their fields than their peers. They simply produced a greater volume of work, which gave them more variation and a higher chance of originality. "The odds of producing an influential or successful idea," Simonton notes, are "a positive function of the total number of ideas generated." Consider Shakespeare: we're most familiar with a small number of his classic..
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Adam M. Grant |
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b8f5c5c
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We are not our brother's keeper . . . in countless large and small ways we are our brother's maker." Harry and Bonaro Overstreet"
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Adam M. Grant |
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167079e
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Even with a receptive audience, dominance is a zero-sum game: the more power and authority I have, the less you have.
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Adam M. Grant |
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68de7bd
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But there's a twist: expressing vulnerability is only effective if the audience receives other signals establishing the speaker's competence.
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Adam M. Grant |
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bf09f47
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It's widely assumed that there's a tradeoff between quantity and quality--if you want to do better work, you have to do less of it--but this turns out to be false. In fact, when it comes to idea generation, quantity is the most predictable path to quality. "Original"
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Adam M. Grant |
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0592816
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It's not what a player is, but what he can become... that will allow him to grow.
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Adam M. Grant |
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e881520
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Talented people are attracted to those who care about them.
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Adam M. Grant |
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87edba2
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To punish me for my contempt for authority, fate made me an authority myself," Einstein lamented."
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Adam M. Grant |
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This is called the Sarick Effect, named after the social scientist Leslie Sarick. In both situations, Griscom was presenting ideas to people who had more power than he had, and trying to convince them to commit their resources. Most of us assume that to be persuasive, we ought to emphasize our strengths and minimize our weaknesses. That kind of powerful communication makes sense if the audience is supportive.
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Adam M. Grant |
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968b569
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Research suggests that there are two fundamental paths to influence: dominance and prestige. When we establish dominance, we gain influence because others see us as strong, powerful, and authoritative. When we earn prestige, we become influential because others respect and admire us.
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Adam M. Grant |
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045f296
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When our audiences are skeptical, the more we try to dominate them, the more they resist. Even with a receptive audience, dominance is a zero-sum game: the more power and authority I have, the less you have.
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Adam M. Grant |
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2bff6a4
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When we become curious about the dissatisfying defaults in our world, we begin to recognize that most of them have social origins: Rules and systems were created by people. And that awareness gives us the courage to contemplate how we can change them. Before women gained the right to vote in America, many "had never before considered their degraded status as anything but natural," historian"
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Adam M. Grant |
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9abc7b7
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Abraham Lincoln is usually regarded as the greatest of all American presidents. When experts rated the presidents on the desire to please others and avoid conflict, Lincoln scored the highest of them all. He devoted four hours a day to holding office hours with citizens and pardoned deserters during the Civil War. Before signing the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln agonized for six months over whether he should free the slaves. He questio..
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Adam M. Grant |
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9ac7afb
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Today, we have compelling evidence that interest precedes the development of talent. It turns out that motivation is the reason that people develop talent in the first place.
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Adam M. Grant |
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b1d8e36
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As Jack Handey advised in one of his "Deep Thoughts" on Saturday Night Live, before you criticize people, you should walk a mile in their shoes. That way, when you criticize them, you're a mile away and you have their shoes."
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Adam M. Grant |
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1a66809
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The primary purpose has already been served by your preparation for this exam" . . . Success doesn't measure a human being, effort does. Studies"
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Adam M. Grant |
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d032e2f
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You don't have to be first to be an original, and the most successful originals don't always arrive on schedule. They are fashionably late to the party. The
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Adam M. Grant |
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5a9fdc1
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A growing body of evidence suggests that entrepreneurs don't like risk any more than the rest of us--and it's the rare conclusion on which many economists, sociologists, and psychologists have actually come to agree.
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Adam M. Grant |
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13615c7
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People who prefer to give or match often feel pressured to lean in the taker direction when they perceive a workplace as zero-sum. Whether it's a company with forced ranking systems, a group of firms vying to win the same clients, or a school with required grading curves and more demand than supply for desirable jobs, it's only natural to assume that peers will lean more toward taking than giving. "When they anticipate self-interested behav..
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Adam M. Grant |
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c9f44d3
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Some people, when they do someone a favor, are always looking for a chance to call it in. And some aren't, but they're still aware of it--still regard it as a debt. But others don't even do that. They're like a vine that produces grapes without looking for anything in return . . . after helping others . . . They just go on to something else . . . We should be like that. --Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor A
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Adam M. Grant |
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68f9eb3
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The first follower is what transforms a lone nut into a leader." - Quoting Derek Sivers"
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leadership
innovation
peer-pressure
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Adam M. Grant |
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537c9c2
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Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or in the darkness of destructive selfishness.
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Adam M. Grant |
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above all, I want to demonstrate that success doesn't have to come at someone else's expense." In"
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Adam M. Grant |
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ec47d2c
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When I put up a slide that says 'Here's why you shouldn't buy this company,' the first response was laughter. Then you could see them physically relax. It's sincere; it doesn't smell, feel, or look anything like sales. They're no longer being sold.
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Adam M. Grant |
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79a054a
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We prefer the regular photos of our friends, because that's how we're used to seeing them, but we like the inverted photos of ourselves, because that's how we see ourselves when we look in the mirror. "Familiarity doesn't breed contempt," says serial entrepreneur Howard Tullman. "It breeds comfort."
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Adam M. Grant |
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ff26f02
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The customer service agents who accepted the defaults of Internet Explorer and Safari approached their job the same way. They stayed on script in sales calls and followed standard operating procedures for handling customer complaints. They saw their job descriptions as fixed, so when they were unhappy with their work, they started missing days, and eventually just quit. The employees who took the initiative to change their browsers to Firef..
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Adam M. Grant |
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242b795
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This chapter is about when to speak up and how to do it effectively without jeopardizing our careers and relationships. What
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Adam M. Grant |
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68c0899
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But there's something distinctive that happens when givers succeed: it spreads and cascades.
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Adam M. Grant |
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cd9669a
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If we want people to accept our original ideas, we need to speak up about them, then rinse and repeat. To
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Adam M. Grant |
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f6b4092
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The mere exposure effect has been replicated many times--the more familiar a face, letter, number, sound, flavor, brand, or Chinese character becomes, the more we like it. It's
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Adam M. Grant |
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1b05edf
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Reasoning does create a paradox: it leads both to more rule following and more rebelliousness. By
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Adam M. Grant |
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bcd5df8
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Research shows that takers harbor doubts about others' intentions, so they monitor vigilantly for information that others might harm them, treating others with suspicion and distrust. These low expectations trigger a vicious cycle, constraining the development and motivation of others. Even when takers are impressed by another person's capabilities or motivation, they're more likely to see this person as a threat, which means they're less w..
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Adam M. Grant |
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f95519b
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Three decades of research show that receiving support from colleagues is a robust antidote to burnout.
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Adam M. Grant |
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b16c2e3
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The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man." George Bernard Shaw On a cool fall evening in 2008, four students set out to revolutionize an industry. Buried in loans, they had lost and broken eyeglasses and were outraged at how much it cost to replace them. One of them had been wearing the same damaged pair for f..
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Adam M. Grant |