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712b6a0
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responsibility bias is a major source of failed collaborations. Professional relationships disintegrate when entrepreneurs, inventors, investors, and executives feel that their partners are not giving them the credit they deserve, or doing their fair share.
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Adam M. Grant |
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64e59a8
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responsibility bias occurs because we have more information about our own contributions than others'.
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Adam M. Grant |
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7dc4198
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Research by Harvard Business School professor Amy Edmondson shows that in the type of psychologically safe environment that Meyer helped create, people learn and innovate more.* And it's givers who often create such an environment: in one study, engineers who shared ideas without expecting anything in return were more likely to play a major role in innovation, as they made it safe to exchange information
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Adam M. Grant |
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72484e0
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givers and takers differ in their attitudes and actions toward other people. If you're a taker, you help others strategically, when the benefits to you outweigh the personal costs. If you're a giver, you might use a different cost-benefit analysis: you help whenever the benefits to others exceed the personal costs. Alternatively, you might not think about the personal costs at all, helping others without expecting anything in return. If you..
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Adam M. Grant |
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c44daad
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You gotta kiss a lot of frogs," he often told his team, "before you find a prince." In fact, frog kissing was one of his mantras: he encouraged his engineers to try out many variations to increase their chances of stumbling on the right one. But" --
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Adam M. Grant |
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579d3c7
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When takers win, there's usually someone else who loses. Research shows that people tend to envy successful takers and look for ways to knock them down a notch.
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Adam M. Grant |
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426f0f9
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If you're gonna make connections which are innovative," Steve Jobs said back in 1982, "you have to not have the same bag of experience as everyone else does." Working"
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Adam M. Grant |
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60b6a79
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The mere exposure effect has been replicated many times--the more familiar a face, letter, number, sound, flavor, brand, or Chinese character becomes, the more we like it.
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Adam M. Grant |
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9bdb82d
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No surprise for the writer, no surprise for the reader," he was fond of saying."
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Adam M. Grant |
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c5dff89
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Instead of courage' management guru Tom Peters recommends fostering 'a level of fury with the status quo such that one cannot not act.
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motivation
status-quo
fury
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Adam M. Grant |
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ccc36d5
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The people who had been recognized for making original contributions shared many more stories that started negatively but surged upward: they struggled early and triumphed later. Despite being confronted with more negative events, they reported greater satisfaction with their lives and a stronger sense of purpose.
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struggle
hope
improvement
patience
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Adam M. Grant |
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0792e99
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At work, our sense of commitment and control depends more on our direct boss than on anyone else. When we have a supportive boss, our bond with the organization strengthens and we feel a greater span of influence. As
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Adam M. Grant |
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e7dcea7
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Originals do vary in their attitudes toward risk. Some are skydiving gamblers; others are penny-pinching germophobes. To become original, you have to try something new, which means accepting some measure of risk. But the most successful originals are not the daredevils who leap before they look. They are the ones who reluctantly tiptoe to the edge of a cliff, calculate the rate of descent, triple-check their parachutes, and set up a safety ..
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Adam M. Grant |
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ffae6b7
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Merely knowing that you are not the only resister makes it substantially easier to reject the crowd.
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nonconformism
peer-pressure
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Adam M. Grant |
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bdea0fc
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When we have an original idea to invent a product or start a company, we're encouraged to be the first mover. There are, of course, clear advantages to speed: we can be sure to finish what we start and beat competitors to market. But surprisingly, as I've studied originals,
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Adam M. Grant |
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43ea51f
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Every day, we all encounter things we love and things that need to change. The former give us joy. The latter fuel our desire to make the world different--ideally better than the way we found it. But trying to change deep-seated beliefs and behaviors is daunting. We accept the status quo because effecting real change seems impossible. Still, we dare to ask: Can one individual make a difference? And, in our bravest moments: Could that one in..
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Adam M. Grant |
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3d3e0f0
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Without a sense of urgency , people ... won't make needed sacrafices. Instead they cling to the status quo and resist.' - Quoting John Kotter
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sense-of-urgency
timing
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Adam M. Grant |
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8e30bda
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physicist Max Planck once observed, "A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die."
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Adam M. Grant |
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937f473
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The prospect of a certain loss brings the go system online.
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loss
motivation
risk-aversion
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Adam M. Grant |
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541e756
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As Samuel Johnson purportedly wrote, "The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good." Takers"
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Adam M. Grant |
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4007604
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Across cultures, there's a rich body of evidence showing that people continue to hold strong gender-role stereotypes, expecting men to be assertive and women to be communal. When women speak up, they run the risk of violating that gender stereotype, which leads audiences to judge them as aggressive.
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Adam M. Grant |
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efb0167
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Anthony and Stanton viewed Stone's support of voting rights for black men as a betrayal of the women's cause. They reneged on their commitment to a joint organization and announced the formation of their own national women's suffrage organization the following week, in May 1869. Stone and
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Adam M. Grant |
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ad5498c
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superb presentations - start by establishing "what is: here's the status quo." Then, they "compare that to what could be," making "that gap as big as possible" - Quoting Nancy Duarte"
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persuation
presentation
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Adam M. Grant |
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8136b59
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When we've developed an idea, we're typically too close to our own tastes--and too far from the audience's taste--to evaluate it accurately. We're
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Adam M. Grant |
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a83edf2
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They're constrained by a shortage of people who excel at choosing the right novel ideas. The
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Adam M. Grant |
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f4d9cfa
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In a study of over 15,000 classical music compositions, the more pieces a composer produced in a given five-year window, the greater the spike in the odds of a hit.
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Adam M. Grant |
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e6c585b
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Strong ties provide bonds, but weak ties serve as bridges: they provide more efficient access to new information. Our strong ties tend to travel in the same social circles and know about the same opportunities as we do. Weak ties are more likely to open up access to a different network, facilitating the discovery of original leads. Here's
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Adam M. Grant |
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998807a
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When you meet people," says former Apple evangelist and Silicon Valley legend Guy Kawasaki, regardless of who they are, "you should be asking yourself, 'How can I help the other person?"
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Adam M. Grant |
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e072239
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Of course it was Hamlet-- The uncle kills the father, and the son has to avenge his father's death. So then we decided it was going to be Hamlet with lions." In that pivotal moment, the film got the green light."
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Adam M. Grant |
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713757c
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Never put off till tomorrow what you can do the day after tomorrow." Mark Twain"
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Adam M. Grant |
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a70076a
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For the next two hours, the executives worked in groups, pretending to be one of Merck's top competitors. Energy soared as they developed ideas for drugs that would crush theirs and key markets they had missed. Then, their challenge was to reverse their roles and figure out how to defend against these threats.* This "kill the company" exercise is powerful because it reframes a gain-framed activity in terms of losses."
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Adam M. Grant |
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3898979
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In roles as leaders and mentors, givers resist the temptation to search for talent first. By recognizing that anyone can be a bloomer, givers focus their attention on motivation. The
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Adam M. Grant |
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8b72a6e
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Batson figured out a clever way to tease apart whether empathy drives us to help because we want to reduce another person's distress or our own distress. If the goal is to reduce our own distress, we should choose whatever course of action makes us feel better. If the goal is to reduce another person's distress, we should help even when it's costly and other courses of action would make us feel good.
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Adam M. Grant |
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e2f5fcf
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On matters of style, swim with the current," Thomas Jefferson allegedly advised, but "on matters of principle, stand like a rock." The pressure to achieve leads us to do the opposite. We find surface ways of appearing original--donning a bow tie, wearing bright red shoes--without taking the risk of actually being original. When"
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Adam M. Grant |
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8932e89
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Coalitions often fall apart when people refuse to moderate their radicalism. That was one of the major failures of the Occupy Wall Street movement, a protest against economic and social inequality that began in 2011.
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Adam M. Grant |
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fc8b5ba
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We're driven to question defaults when we experience vuja de, the opposite of deja vu. Deja vu occurs when we encounter something new, but it feels as if we've seen it before. Vuja de is the reverse--we face something familiar, but we see it with a fresh perspective that enables us to gain new insights into old problems.
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Adam M. Grant |
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05bbbda
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Trust is one reason that givers are so susceptible to the doormat effect: they tend to see the best in everyone, so they operate on the mistaken assumption that everyone is trustworthy.
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Adam M. Grant |
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548ee79
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Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or in the darkness of destructive selfishness. --Martin Luther King Jr., civil rights leader and Nobel Peace Prize winner Several
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Adam M. Grant |
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d872a13
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People who started businesses and contributed to patent applications were more likely than their peers to have leisure time hobbies that involved drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, and literature.
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Adam M. Grant |
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89116a3
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According to Brian Uzzi, a management professor at Northwestern University, networks come with three major advantages: private information, diverse skills, and power. By developing a strong network, people can gain invaluable access to knowledge, expertise, and influence. Extensive research demonstrates that people with rich networks achieve higher performance ratings, get promoted faster, and earn more money. And because networks are based..
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Adam M. Grant |
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c929c26
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It seems counterintuitive, but the more altruistic your attitude, the more benefits you will gain from the relationship," writes LinkedIn founder Reid Hoffman. "If you set out to help others," he explains, "you will rapidly reinforce your own reputation and expand your universe of possibilities."
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Adam M. Grant |
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0f7d132
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Thinking about oneself invokes the logic of consequence: Will I get sick? Doctors and nurses can answer swiftly with a no: I spend a lot of time in a hospital, I don't always wash, and I rarely get sick, so this probably won't affect me. In general, we tend to be overconfident about our own invulnerability to harm. But thinking about patients prompts a logic of appropriateness: What should a person like me do in a situation like this? It ch..
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Adam M. Grant |
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0b34c5b
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In the face of uncertainty, our first instinct is often to reject novelty, looking for reasons why unfamiliar concepts might fail. When managers vet novel ideas, they're in an evaluative mindset. To protect themselves against the risks of a bad bet, they compare the new notion on the table to templates of ideas that have succeeded in the past. When publishing executives passed on Harry Potter, they said it was too long for a children's book..
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Adam M. Grant |