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| Link | Quote | Stars | Tags | Author |
| a81cc41 | Words pack power and these definitions are laden with values, often wildly idiosyncratic ones. Here's an example, namely the ways I think about the word "competition": (a) "competition"--your lab team races the Cambridge group to a discovery (exhilarating but embarrassing to admit to); (b) "competition"--playing pickup soccer (fine, as long as the best player shifts sides if the score becomes lopsided); (c) "competition"--your child's teach.. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 456509d | Neuropsychologists are coming to recognize that there is a specialized subset of long-term memory. Remote memories are ones stretching back to your childhood--the name of your village, your native language, the smell of your grandmother's baking. They appear to be stored in some sort of archival way in your brain separate from more recent long-term memories. Often, in patients with a dementia that devastates most long-term memory, the more .. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| e3a43c3 | Importantly, maternal stress impacts fetal development. There are indirect routes--for example, stressed people consume less healthy diets and consume more substances of abuse. More directly, stress alters maternal blood pressure and immune defenses, which impact a fetus. Most important, stressed mothers secrete glucocorticoids, which enter fetal circulation and basically have the same bad consequences as in stressed infants and children. G.. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 5f4daa1 | But in reality the brain is about circuits, about the patterns of functional connectivity among regions. The growing myelination of the adolescent brain shows the importance of increased connectivity. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 3d92913 | It is never really the case that stress makes you sick, or even increases your risk of being sick. Stress increases your risk of getting diseases that make you sick, or if you have such a disease, stress increases the risk of your defenses being overwhelmed by the disease. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| b189509 | What the data show: the fewer social relationships a person has, the shorter his or her life expectancy, and the worse the impact of various infectious diseases. Relationships that are medically protective can take the form of marriage, contact with friends and extended family, church membership, or other group affiliations. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 5b5240a | The impact of social relationships on life expectancy appears to be at least as large as that of variables such as cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity, and level of physical activity. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 55f0e80 | Interestingly, traumatic stress early in life (abuse, for example) greatly increases the risk of IBS in adulthood. This implies that childhood trauma can leave an echo of vulnerability, a large intestine that is hyperreactive to stress, long afterward. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 28890ff | What Wilkinson and others have shown is that poverty is not only a predictor of poor health but, independent of absolute income, so is poverty amid plenty--the more income inequality there is in a society, the worse the health and mortality rates. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 667aa5b | Logically, when the amygdala wants to mobilize a behavior--say, fleeing--it talks to the frontal cortex, seeking its executive approval. But if sufficiently aroused, the amygdala talks directly to subcortical, reflexive motor pathways. Again, there's a trade-off--increased speed by bypassing the cortex, but decreased accuracy. Thus the input shortcut may prompt you to see the cell phone as a gun. And the output shortcut may prompt you to pu.. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 0019e47 | Something roughly akin to love is needed for proper biological development, and its absence is among the most aching, distorting stressors that we can suffer. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 9738a89 | If you have to boil this book down to a single phrase, it would be "it's complicated." -- | environment human-behavior neuroscience psychology | Robert M. Sapolsky | |
| 0d6c818 | The final misconception is that evolution is "just a theory." I will boldly assume that readers who have gotten this far believe in evolution. Opponents inevitably bring up that irritating canard that evolution is unproven, because (following an unuseful convention in the field) it is a "theory" (like, say, germ theory). Evidence for the reality of evolution includes: Numerous examples where changing selective pressures have changed gene fr.. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| caaf0e2 | Beginning in the early 1980s, various researchers, including myself, showed that this "glucocorticoid neurotoxicity" was not just a pharmacological effect, but was relevant to normal brain aging in the rat. Collectively, the studies showed that lots of glucocorticoid exposure (in the range seen during stress) or lots of stress itself would accelerate the degeneration of the aging hippocampus. Conversely, diminishing glucocorticoid levels (b.. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 97cb26f | Major depression. As will be detailed in chapter 14, major depression is utterly intertwined with prolonged stress, and this connection includes elevated glucocorticoid levels in about half the people with major depression. Yvette Sheline of Washington University and others have shown that prolonged major depression is, once again, associated with a smaller hippocampus. The more prolonged the history of depression, the more volume loss. Fur.. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 67653bb | In other cases the challenge is to appreciate how, though human physiology resembles that of other species, we use the physiology in novel ways. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| f33a7c7 | If people around you smell scared, your brain tilts toward concluding that you are too.25 | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| f45f26e | acute stress strengthens connectivity between the frontal cortex and motoric areas, while weakening frontal-hippocampal connections; the result is decision making that is habitual, rather than incorporating new information. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 7e4846e | It is the ambiguity of violence, that we can pull a trigger as an act of hideous aggression or of self-sacrificing love, that is so challenging. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| d901158 | The shape of women's faces changes subtly during their ovulatory cycle, and men prefer female faces at the time of ovulation. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 57a55ce | The human olfactory system is atrophied; roughly 40 percent of a rat's brain is devoted to olfactory processing, versus 3 percent in us. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 9590c95 | If people around you smell scared, your brain tilts toward concluding that you are too. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 7f181d7 | In other words, pain makes aggressive people more aggressive, while doing the opposite to unaggressive individuals.27 | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 46c49e5 | when the frontal cortex labors hard on some cognitive task, immediately afterward individuals are more aggressive and less empathic, charitable, and honest. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 5d39fd3 | And behavior is altered by "situational labels"--call the game the "Wall Street Game," and people become less cooperative. Calling it the "Community Game" does the opposite." | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 23f408e | If they're told, "The drug has a 95 percent survival rate," people, including doctors, are more likely to approve it than when told, "The drug has a 5 percent death rate." | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 9d20b10 | The cognitive capacities of near-term fetuses are even more remarkable. For example, fetuses can distinguish between two pairs of nonsense syllables ("biba" versus "babi"). How do you know? Get this--Mom says "Biba, biba, biba" repeatedly while fetal heart rate is monitored. "Boring (or perhaps lulling)," thinks the fetus, and heart rate slows. Then Mom switches to "babi." If the fetus doesn't distinguish between the two, heart rate deceler.. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 1f01fc7 | The opposite of love is not hate; its opposite is indifference." The biologies of strong love and strong hate are similar in many ways, as we'll see." | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| 46efdc9 | If you pay lots of attention to where boundaries are, you pay less attention to complete pictures. | Robert M. Sapolsky | ||
| cbfe694 | Shadows in the Jungle, by Larry Alexander; Bataan Death March, by Lt. Col. William E. Dyess; American Guerrilla: The Forgotten Heroics of Russell W. Volckmann, by Mike Guardia; Lapham's Raiders, by Robert Lapham and Bernard Norling; Some Survived, by Manny Lawton; Escape from Davao, by John D. Lukacs; Lieutenant Ramsey's War, by Edwin Price Ramsey and Stephen J. Rivele; My Hitch in Hell, by Lester I. Tenney; Escape from Corregidor, by Edgar.. | John Grisham | ||
| c965510 | I can't give you a surefire formula for success, but I can give you a formula for failure: try to please everybody all the time." -Herbert Bayard Swope" | Timothy Ferriss | ||
| 136e19e | Beauty sat bathing by a spring | Anthony Munday | ||
| da835c3 | When the situation seems to be exactly what it appears to be, the closest likely alternative is that the situation has been completely faked; when fakery seems extremely evident, the next most probable possibility is that nothing fake is present.--Erving Goffman, Strategic Interaction | Paul Ekman | ||
| bdc6917 | As Robert Musil once observed, an essay is an "attempt," but it is an attempt that is qualified and determined. For Musil, the essay eschews conventional notions of "true" and "false," "wise" and "unwise," but it is "nevertheless subject to laws that are no less strict than they appear to be delicate and ineffable" (Musil, 1953/1995, p. 301). The essay, still according to Musil, therefore lingers somewhere "between amor intellectualis and p.. | Michael Hviid Jacobsen | ||
| b2a2b4d | The expressive coherence that is required in performances points out a crucial discrepancy between our all-too-human selves and our socialized selves. As human beings we are presumably creatures of variable impulse with moods and energies that change from one moment to the next. As characters put on for an audience, however, we must not be subjects to ups or downs. A certain bureaucratization of the spirit is expected so that we can be reli.. | Erving Goffman | ||
| 4027692 | Whether an honest performer wishes to convey the truth or whether a dishonest performer wishes to convey a falsehood, both must take care to enliven their performances with appropriate expressions, exclude from their performances expressions that might discredit the impression being fostered, and take care lest the audience impute unintended meanings. | Erving Goffman | ||
| c5aa474 | It is important to stress that, in America at least, no matter how small and how badly off a particular stigmatized category is, the viewpoint of its members is likely to be given public presentation of some kind. It can thus be said that Americans who are stigmatized tend to live in a literarily-defined world, however uncultured they might be. If they don't read books on the situation of persons like themselves, they at least read magazine.. | Erving Goffman | ||
| 74c9ea6 | Each time someone with a particular stigma makes a spectacle of himself by breaking a law, winning a prize, or becoming a first of his kind, a local community may take gossipy note of this; these events can even make news in the mass media of the wider society. In any case, they who share the noted person's stigma suddenly become accessible to the normals immediately around and become subject to a slight transfer of credit or discredit to t.. | stigma | Erving Goffman | |
| dff40ec | In all of these various instances of stigma, however, including those the Greeks had in mind, the same sociological features are found: an individual who might have been received easily in ordinary social intercourse possesses a trait that can obtrude itself upon attention and turn those of us whom he meets away from him, breaking the claim that his other attributes have on us. He possesses a stigma, an undesired differentness from what we .. | Erving Goffman | ||
| 8fab400 | There seems to be no agent more effective than another person in bringing a world for oneself alive or, by a glance, a gesture, or a remark, shriveling up the reality in which one is lodged. | Erving Goffman | ||
| 51450a5 | Do not resist the natural course of your life. | Wayne W. Dyer | ||
| a93f62d | Self-love seems so often unrequited. | Anthony Powell | ||
| aee7105 | Climbing along the blade of the summit ridge, sucking gas into my ragged lungs, I enjoyed a strange, unwarranted sense of calm. The world beyond the rubber mask was stupendously vivid but seemed not quite real, as if a movie were being projected in slow motion across the front of my goggles. I felt drugged, disengaged, thoroughly insulated from external stimuli. I had to remind myself over and over that there was 7,000 feet of sky on either.. | Jon Krakauer | ||
| 45d2aa3 | Etica para un nuevo milenio. Si | Daniel Goleman |