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5cb903c In the old wild days of the world there was a king of England known as Uther Pendragon; he was a dragon in wrath as well as in power. Peter Ackroyd
e3fbbe9 There is one person who can save you, sire.' 'Who is that?' 'Merlin. The great magician. He is the man who made the abbey church of Derby disappear into the earth. He will know how to heal you. He will find a cure.' 'Bring him before me. Let him work his magic on my poor bones. Peter Ackroyd
5a5d938 There then followed a period of disturbance and danger. There were many lords in this land who longed to be king, and who were prepared to do battle for the crown of England. So Merlin visited the Archbishop of Canterbury. 'Call together all the nobles and knights of the realm to London, reverend sir,' he said to him. 'Tell them to assemble in the city by Christmas Day, on pain of excommunication. They will witness a miracle, I assure you o.. Peter Ackroyd
1fe5b19 Peace the offspring is of Power. Bayard Taylor
101c3e0 The hollows are heavy and dank With the steam of the Goldenrods. Bayard Taylor
9ac4849 Working with knives, brushes, and rags, monks often carefully washed away the old writings--Virgil, Ovid, Cicero, Seneca, Lucretius--and wrote in their place the texts that they were instructed by their superiors to copy. Stephen Greenblatt
8dc137e monks were strictly forbidden to change what they thought were mistakes in the texts they were copying. Stephen Greenblatt
4b03bb1 The thing we tell of can never be found by seeking, yet only seekers find it. Bayazid Bastami
1825384 Human beings, Lucretius thought, must not drink in the poisonous belief that their souls are only part of the world temporarily and they are heading somewhere else. That belief will only spawn in them a destructive relation to the environment in which they live the only lives they have. philosophy science Stephen Greenblatt
519f53f It was better that monastic scribes had been forced to copy everything exactly at it appeared before their eyes, even those things that made no sense at all. Stephen Greenblatt
a55d230 Stephen Greenblatt applauds Lucretius's spirit of critique, "speaking the truth to power" as they say. But materialism is attractive to people like him because it justifies the status quo. There are no higher truths to serve. Accept things as they are, for they can't be otherwise." R.R. Reno
55fd5a2 The internal and external censors that keep most ordinary mortals, let alone rulers of nations, from sending irrational messages in the middle of the night or acting on every crazed impulse are absent. Stephen Greenblatt
d78d6cb you needed only to comprehend that there is a hidden natural explanation for everything that alarms or eludes you. That explanation will inevitably lead you back to atoms. If you can hold on to and repeat to yourself the simplest fact of existence--atoms and void and nothing else, atoms and void and nothing else, atoms and void and nothing else--your life will change. You will no longer fear Jove's wrath, whenever you hear a peal of thunder.. Stephen Greenblatt
47bb9db No. Honour hath not skill in surgery, then? No. Stephen Greenblatt
f3a5253 The parchment is hairy Stephen Greenblatt
0e0f4aa Take physic, pomp; Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel, That thou mayst shake the superflux to them, And show the heavens more just. (3.4.34-37) Stephen Greenblatt
7b73007 to entertain the thought that the sun is only one star in an infinite universe; to live an ethical life without reference to postmortem rewards and punishments; to contemplate without trembling the death of the soul. In short, it became possible--never easy, but possible--in the poet Auden's phrase to find the mortal world enough. Stephen Greenblatt
851f33d There is no single explanation for the emergence of the Renaissance and the release of the forces that have shaped our own world. Stephen Greenblatt
8220204 any question, however innocuous, could raise the prospect of a discussion, a discussion that would imply that religious doctrines were open to inquiry and argument. Stephen Greenblatt
048fe8d To the monk who has dared to contradict a fellow monk with such words as "It is not as you say," there is a heavy penalty: "an imposition of silence or fifty blows." The high walls that hedged about the mental life of the monks--the imposition of silence, the prohibition of questioning, the punishing of debate with slaps or blows of the whip--were all meant to affirm unambiguously that these pious communities were the opposite of the philos.. Stephen Greenblatt
96833a5 I can't imagine working without an audience. Bea Arthur
62905f0 in a community that took its obligations with deadly seriousness, reading was obligatory. And reading required books. Books that were opened again and again eventually fell apart, however carefully they were handled. Therefore, almost inadvertently, monastic rules necessitated that monks repeatedly purchase or acquire books. Stephen Greenblatt
1b11f38 In the course of the vicious Gothic Wars of the mid-sixth century and their still more miserable aftermath, the last commercial workshops of book production folded, and the vestiges of the book market fell apart. Therefore, again almost inadvertently, monastic rules necessitated that monks carefully preserve and copy those books that they already possessed. But all trade with the papyrus makers of Egypt had long vanished, and in the absence.. Stephen Greenblatt
76355e7 monasteries were extremely difficult to reach--their founders had built them in deliberately remote places, in order to withdraw from the temptations, distractions, and dangers of the world. Stephen Greenblatt
81c98c3 Books were scarce and valuable. They conferred prestige on the monastery that possessed them, and the monks were not inclined to let them out of their sight, Stephen Greenblatt
41c24e8 not regard copying manuscripts as an exalted activity; on the contrary, as they were highly aware, most of the copying in the ancient world had been done by educated slaves. Stephen Greenblatt
b663a15 The early founders of monastic orders did not regard copying manuscripts as an exalted activity; on the contrary, as they were highly aware, most of the copying in the ancient world had been done by educated slaves. Stephen Greenblatt
0216ce0 Those who wrote unusually well--in fine, clear handwriting that the other monks could easily read and with painstaking accuracy in the transcription--came to be valued. In the "wergild" codes that in Germanic lands and in Ireland specified the payment of reparations for murder--200 shillings for killing a churl, 300 for a low-ranking cleric, 400 if the cleric was saying mass when he was attacked, and so forth--the loss of a scribe by violen.. Stephen Greenblatt
920be10 The high price, at a time when life was cheap, suggests both how important and how difficult it was for monasteries to obtain the books that they needed in order to enforce the reading rule. Stephen Greenblatt
a85ebee paper did not come into general use until the fourteenth century, for more than a thousand years the chief writing material used for books was made from the skins of animals-- Stephen Greenblatt
6e81347 Between the sixth century and the middle of the eighth century, Greek and Latin classics virtually ceased to be copied at all. What had begun as an active campaign to forget--a pious attack on pagan ideas--had evolved into actual forgetting. The ancient poems, philosophical treatises, and political speeches, at one time so threatening and so alluring, were no longer in anyone's mind, let alone on anyone's lips. Stephen Greenblatt
e725775 In one of the great cultural transformations in the history of the West, the pursuit of pain triumphed over the pursuit of pleasure. Stephen Greenblatt
6e9b052 Shakespeare grappled again and again with a deeply unsettling question: how is it possible for a whole country to fall into the hands of a tyrant? new-historicism politics shakespeare Stephen Greenblatt
9ade891 As with modern totalitarian regimes, people developed techniques for speaking in code, addressing at one or more removes what most mattered to them. But it was not only caution that motivated Shakespeare's penchant for displacement. He seems to have grasped that he thought more clearly about the issues that preoccupied his world when he confronted them not directly but from an oblique angle. His plays suggest that he could best acknowledge .. politics shakespeare Stephen Greenblatt
1fcf831 A succession of murders clears the field of most of the significant impediments, actual or potential, to Richard's seizing power. But it is striking that Shakespeare does not envisage the tyrant's climactic accession to the throne as the direct result of violence. To solicit a popular mandate, Richard conducts a political campaign, complete with a fraudulent display of religious piety, the slandering of opponents, and a grossly exaggerated .. politics shakespeare Stephen Greenblatt
286fa32 Unlike many other animals, who are endowed at birth with what they need to survive, human infants are almost completely vulnerable: Stephen Greenblatt
f11f933 APART FROM THE charred papyrus fragments recovered in Herculaneum, there are no surviving contemporary manuscripts from the ancient Greek and Roman world. Everything that has reached us is a copy, Stephen Greenblatt
8daa013 Virtually the entire output of many other writers, famous in antiquity, has disappeared without a trace. Stephen Greenblatt
5e7ffeb The indefatigable scholar Didymus of Alexandria earned the nickname Bronze-Ass (literally, "Brazen-Bowelled") for having what it took to write more than 3,500 books; apart from a few fragments, all have vanished." Stephen Greenblatt
fd6fc21 I am committed by trade to urging people to attend carefully to the verbal surfaces of what they read. Much of the pleasure and interest of poetry depends on such attention. But it is nonetheless possible to have a powerful experience of a work of art even in a modest translation, let alone a brilliant one. That is, after all, how most of the literate world has encountered Genesis or the Iliad or Hamlet, and, though it is certainly preferab.. Stephen Greenblatt
1defe5b ITALIANS HAD BEEN book-hunting for the better part of a century, ever since the poet and scholar Petrarch brought glory on himself in the 1330s by piecing together Livy's monumental History of Rome and finding forgotten masterpieces by Cicero, Propertius, and others. Petrarch's achievement had inspired others to seek out lost classics that had been lying unread, often for centuries. Stephen Greenblatt
d48933d for long centuries monasteries had been virtually the only institutions that cared about books. Even in the stable and prosperous times of the Roman Empire, literacy rates, by our standards at least, were not high. Stephen Greenblatt
db83492 all monks were expected to know how to read. In a world increasingly dominated by illiterate warlords, that expectation, formulated early in the history of monasticism, was of incalculable importance. Stephen Greenblatt
c82ddc6 and in the margins of surviving monastic manuscripts there are occasional outbursts of distress: "The parchment is hairy"19 ... "Thin ink, bad parchment, difficult text" ... "Thank God, it will soon be dark." -- Stephen Greenblatt