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7556fca In a pre-Internet campaign, certainly, he would have struggled to match Clinton, Niall Ferguson
b6135b7 unintelligible because the print was so small. Niall Ferguson
99def91 Actions that help build trusted networks serve your cause Niall Ferguson
575055c Giving the world's poor mobile telephony is proving easier than providing them with clean water Niall Ferguson
34ca01b there are now two kinds of people in the world: those who own and run the networks, and those who merely use them Niall Ferguson
e373274 if Moore's Law continues to hold, computers should be able to simulate the human brain by around 2030 Niall Ferguson
067adf8 In 1515 a decree of Sultan Selim I had threatened with death anyone found using the printing press.36 This failure to reconcile Islam with scientific progress was to prove disastrous. Having once provided European scholars with ideas and inspiration, Muslim scientists were now cut off from the latest research. If the Scientific Revolution was generated by a network, then the Ottoman Empire was effectively offline. Niall Ferguson
cec04e7 the dichotomy between network and hierarchy is an ancient idea. Niall Ferguson
392672a Sin embargo, todos estos recursos del Estado administrativo imponen sobre el sector privado unas cargas que acaban por reducir la tasa de crecimiento y la creacion de empleo.[10] La desigualdad intergeneracional en las finanzas publicas, el crecimiento hipertrofico de la regulacion, el deterioro del imperio de la ley y la erosion de las instituciones educativas; todo ello, en conjunto, llevo a la <> del desempeno economic.. Niall Ferguson
a9c26dd The problem is that the ISIS network defies conventional counter-terrorist tactics. Contrary to popular belief, this is not because its relies on 'lone wolves', who by their very nature are hard to detect. The Paris attacks of November 2015 were a well-planned operation involving around eighteen people in addition to the nine attackers. Niall Ferguson
e56dba5 When we speak of 'populism' today,1 we sometimes mean nothing more than a politics that is audible as well as intelligible to the man in the street - or, to be precise, the man and woman slumped on their sofa, their attention skipping fitfully from flat-screen TV to laptop to smartphone to tablet and back to television, or the man and woman at work, sitting in front of desktop PCs but mostly exchanging suggestive personal messages on their .. Niall Ferguson
23d05be though this was not formally demonstrated until the 2010 mid-term elections to Congress - Facebook was a highly effective tool for political mobilization, especially when used to target local non-digital networks. Niall Ferguson
c99ba86 Chaos was Steve's strategy," said Walsh." Michael Wolff
14dc9ba A generation mostly removed from conflict - the baby-boomers - had failed to learn the lesson that it is not unregulated networks that reduce inequality but wars, revolutions, hyperinflations and other forms of expropriation. Niall Ferguson
8866e17 Some of the network graphs that Able Danger produced were twenty feet long and almost wholly unintelligible because the print was so small.8 Krebs himself concluded that there would be no substitute for human intelligence in the war on terrorism; the alternative would be to drown in big data. Niall Ferguson
3242975 The spirit of policy and that of bureaucracy are diametrically opposed, Niall Ferguson
5827db8 The essence of policy is its contingency; its success depends on the correctness of an estimate which is in part conjectural. The essence of bureaucracy is its quest for safety; its success is calculability . . . The attempt to conduct policy bureaucratically leads to a quest for calculability which tends to become a prisoner of events. Niall Ferguson
1b1b21e propinquity to power is perceived to matter, especially in a time of crisis. Niall Ferguson
9f03cd0 To an extent that most accounts still underrate, the Bolshevik Revolution was a German-financed operation, though it was greatly facilitated by the incompetence of the Russian liberals.1 Lenin's goose should have been cooked after the failure of the first Bolshevik coup attempt in early July and his exposure as a German agent in the newspaper Zhivoe Slovo, which led to formal charges of treason against him and ten other Bolshevik leaders. Niall Ferguson
0d97bbe Stalin's power consisted of three distinct elements: total control of the party bureaucracy, total control of the means of communication - with the Kremlin telephone network as the central hub - and total control of a secret police staffed by men who themselves lived in fear. Niall Ferguson
6ea87f7 government had degenerated into what has been called an 'administrative' or 'managerial' state, hierarchical and bureaucratic in its mode of operation, dedicated to generating ever more complicated regulation that had precisely the opposite effect of that intended. Niall Ferguson
8908b8b a better explanation may be the fundamental deterioration of standards in both legislation and governance that we see in nearly every democracy, regardless of their different twentieth-century histories Niall Ferguson
5be1ccd The torrent of verbiage comes about because professional politicians are more concerned with spin than substance, the media never cease to howl for 'something' to be done after every mishap, the lobbyists ensure that the small print protects the vested interests they serve, and the lawyers profit from the whole sorry mess.5 Niall Ferguson
10c0b09 Complexity is not cheap; on the contrary, it is very expensive indeed. The administrative state has found an easy solution to the problem of increasing the volume of public 'goods' without making commensurate increases to taxation, and that is to finance current government consumption through borrowing. Niall Ferguson
1c541ea Intergenerational inequity in public finance, hypertrophic growth of regulation, deterioration in the rule of law and corrosion of educational institutions - taken together, these lead to a 'great degeneration' of both economic performance and (as we shall see) social cohesion. Niall Ferguson
68c638c Even if, as seems likely, Islamic State is defeated in Iraq and Syria, its network in cyberspace and in the West will live on, a toxic milieu where the memes of dawa can breed, converting one loser after another to the cause of murderous martyrdom. Niall Ferguson
0858a58 In most history, success is over-represented, for the victors out-write the losers. In the history of networks, the opposite often applies. Successful networks evade public attention; unsuccessful ones attract it, and it is their notoriety, rather than their achievement, that leads to their over-representation. Niall Ferguson
4e210b7 Brexit was a dress rehearsal for the US presidential election of 2016. As in Britain, so in the United States, the political establishment took it for granted that the old ways would suffice. Niall Ferguson
fc0e910 arguing that Google and Facebook should do the censoring is not just an abdication of responsibility; it is evidence of unusual naivety. As if these two companies were not already mighty enough, European politicians apparently want to give them the power to limit their citizens' free expression. Niall Ferguson
3a0aaf4 You will look in vain for a European search engine, a European online retailer, a European social network. The biggest EU-based Internet company is Spotify, the Stockholm-based music and video streaming company founded in 2006. Niall Ferguson
5ee2b78 the European political elites now effectively rely on US companies such as Facebook to carry out censorship on their behalf, seemingly oblivious to the risk that Facebook's 'community standards' may end up being stricter than European law. Niall Ferguson
52389c4 The possibility exists that information and computer technology could enable Beijing to build a system of 'social credit', analogous to financial credit in the West, that would (in official parlance) 'allow the trustworthy to roam everywhere under heaven while making it hard for the discredited to take a single step'. Niall Ferguson
1ba4a2f As a result of these mistakes, the world now finds itself in the grip of an epidemic of Islamist terror. Of the last sixteen years, the worst year for terrorism was 2014, with ninety-three countries experiencing attacks and close to 33,000 people killed. The second worst was 2015, with over 29,000 deaths. In that year, four radical Islamic groups were responsible for three quarters of all deaths from terrorism: Islamic State, Boko Haram, th.. Niall Ferguson
3331199 There is a powerful case to be made that the innovations of the earlier industrial revolutions were of more benefit to mankind than those of the most recent one.11 And if the principal consequence of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence really is going to be large-scale unemployment,12 the chances are surely quite low that a majority of mankind13 will uncomplainingly devote themselves to harmless leisure pursuits in return for some.. Niall Ferguson
8faeb6f it is no longer a mere possibility that this network can be instrumentalized by corrupt oligarchs or religious fanatics to wage a new and unpredictable kind of war in cyberspace. That war has commenced. Indices of geopolitical risk suggest that conventional and even nuclear war may not be far behind. Niall Ferguson
bea7dfa In 1800 seven out of the world's ten biggest cities had still been Asian, and Beijing had still exceeded London in size. By 1900, largely as a result of the Industrial Revolution, only one of the biggest was Asian; the rest were European or American. Niall Ferguson
ad440ca Systems can be fast, open, or secure, but only two of these three at a time.'51 The threat to world order can be summed up as 'very fast networks x artificial intelligence x black boxes x the New Caste x compression of time x everyday objects x weapons'.52 Niall Ferguson
8459586 When half the nodes of a random graph the size of most real-world networks are removed, the network is destroyed. But when the same procedure is carried out against a scale-free model of a similar size, 'the giant connected component resists even after removing more than 80 per cent of the nodes, and the average distance within it [between nodes] is practically the same as at the beginning Niall Ferguson
9e8b85d At around the same time, the coffee house owner Thomas Garraway published a broadsheet entitled 'An Exact Description of the Growth, Quality and Vertues of the Leaf TEA', in which he claimed that it could cure 'Headache, Stone, Gravel, Dropsy, Liptitude Distillations, Scurvy, Sleepiness, Loss of Memory, Looseness or Griping of the Guts, Heavy Dreams and Collick proceeding from Wind'. Niall Ferguson
892a2dd With good reason, Joseph Goebbels described radio as 'the spiritual weapon of the totalitarian state'. Stalin might have added that the telephone was God's gift to eavesdroppers. Niall Ferguson
26894dd Rather than being a cause of the late twentieth-century crisis, the Internet appears to have been a consequence of the breakdown of hierarchical power. Niall Ferguson
e1abf11 American legislators scarcely rested until Chinese immigration to the United States had been altogether stopped. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 suspended immigration of Chinese for ten years, introduced 'certificates of registration' for departing workers (effectively re-entry permits), required Chinese officials to vet travellers from Asia, and for the first time in US history created an offence of illegal immigration, with the possibil.. Niall Ferguson
a071445 Just as global networks of communication and transportation had made the mass migrations of the late nineteenth century possible,6 so political networks of populism and nativism sprang into life to resist them. Niall Ferguson
e6df6c6 by the second decade of the twentieth century the gap in living standards between London and Beijing was around six to one, compared with two to one in the eighteenth century.36 Niall Ferguson